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Since Belgium became an independent nation in the 1830s, its population has grown continuously until today, apart from during the years surrounding the First World War and Spanish Flu pandemic. From 1846 until 1910, Belgium's male to female ratio remains fairly constant, however a difference of around 120,000 people appears, following the previously-mentioned events. Belgium was one of the focal points of military action during both World Wars, greatly impacting Belgium's demographic development in the early twentieth century (although the data intervals make it difficult to assess the full impact of these wars).

Throughout the late 1900s, Belgium's overall population grew gradually, and difference in the male and female populations widened to over 200,000 in the 1970s and 1980s. However, this gap has narrowed in recent decades, and in 2020, there are roughly 0.1 million more females than males in Belgium, in a population of 11.6 million people.