René Muschter
Research Expert covering Industry & Mobility
Rare earth elements - statistics & facts
Rare earths include a list of 17 chemical elements that, over the past decades, have become increasingly sought-after due to their use in many advanced technologies. The end uses of rare earths include the production of magnets, batteries, catalysts, displays, and more. Many industries are highly dependent on rare earths as a result of their irreplaceable properties. Rare earth elements (REEs) are foundational to modern technology, and their global supply base remains highly concentrated. While the actual elements are not scarce in the Earth's crust, they are found in compounds. Their processing is therefore costly and energy-intensive. Global mine production has expanded significantly over the past decade, with output reaching record highs of about 390,000 metric tons in 2025. China accounts for the majority of that output, leading both in mining and refining. Other notable producers include Myanmar, Australia, and the United States, though their combined contribution remains modest. China's domestic output has grown substantially over time, reinforcing the country's position as the dominant node in the global rare earth supply chain.Â
