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WWII: U.S. spending on selected explosive weapons programs 1941-1945

United States spending on the Manhattan Project and selected weapon types during the Second World War from 1941 to 1945 (in billion U.S. dollars)

Manhattan Project: cumulative costs by facility 1945

Cumulative costs of the Manhattan Project until December 31, 1945, by facility (in 1,000s of U.S. dollars)

Manhattan Project: monthly expenditure 1942-1946

Monthly expenditure of the Manhattan Project from August 1942 to December 1946 (in 1,000s of U.S. dollars)

Manhattan Project: personnel by sector 1944

Number of personnel by broad sector of the Manhattan Project in June 1944

Critical mass of selected elements and isotopes to sustain a nuclear chain reaction

Critical mass of selected elements and their fissile isotopes required to sustain a nuclear chain reaction (in kilograms)

Half-life of the most stable isotope of radioactive elements

Half-life of the most stable isotope of radioactive elements (in years)

WWII: Hiroshima and Nagasaki casualties 1945

Estimated total populations, fatalities, and injuries during the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki from August 6-9, 1945

WWII: Nagasaki casualties by distance from ground zero 1945

Estimated number of casualties following the atomic bombing of Nagasaki on August 9, 1945 by distance from ground zero

WWII: height of nuclear bomb drops and detonations 1945

Estimated height at which the nuclear bombs were dropped and detonated over Hiroshima and Nagasaki in 1945 (in feet)

Nuclear weapons: lethal radius by bomb size and shelter type

Hypothetical lethal radius from ground zero of an air burst nuclear explosion by bomb strength (in miles from ground zero)

Strength of the most powerful nuclear weapons since 1945

Strength of the most powerful nuclear weapons ever tested since 1945

Nuclear weapons: estimated blast radius from a one megaton bomb by force

Estimated blast radius of a one megaton nuclear explosion by peak overpressure (in miles)

Nuclear weapons: estimated chance of death or injury from a one megaton bomb

Estimated chance of death or injury caused by a one megaton nuclear air burst explosion (at 8,000 feet) peak overpressure

Nuclear weapons: estimated wind velocity within blast radius

Estimated wind velocity of a one megaton nuclear explosion at 8,000 feet above ground level by peak overpressure (in miles per hour)

Nuclear weapons: fallout levels after 24 hours by distance

Hypothetical radiation level accumulated at various distances downwind from ground zero of a one megaton ground level nuclear explosion (in rads)

Nuclear weapons: distance by thermal radiation level

Estimated distance from ground zero of a one megaton nuclear explosion by various levels of thermal radiation (in miles)

Hiroshima & Nagasaki: U.S. opinion on justification 2020, by gender

U.S. public opinion on whether the atomic attacks on Hiroshima and Nagasaki were right or wrong in 2020, by gender

Hiroshima & Nagasaki: U.S. opinion on justification 2020, by political affiliation

U.S. public opinion on whether the atomic attacks on Hiroshima and Nagasaki were right or wrong in 2020, by political affiliation

Hiroshima & Nagasaki: U.S. opinion on justification 2020, by age group

U.S. public opinion on whether the atomic attacks on Hiroshima and Nagasaki were right or wrong in 2020, by age group

Hiroshima & Nagasaki: U.S. opinion on an apology 2020, by gender

U.S. public opinion on whether the U.S. should apologize for the atomic attacks on Hiroshima and Nagasaki in 2020, by gender

Hiroshima & Nagasaki: U.S. opinion on an apology 2020, by political affiliation

U.S. public opinion on whether the U.S. should apologize for the atomic attacks on Hiroshima and Nagasaki in 2020, by political affiliation

Hiroshima & Nagasaki: U.S. opinion on an apology 2020, by age

U.S. public opinion on whether the U.S. should apologize for the atomic attacks on Hiroshima and Nagasaki in 2020, by age group