R&D intensity is defined as a percentage of GDP (gross domestic product). For the United States, beginning in 2019, statistics are for companies that performed or funded $50,000 or more of R&D. For 2022, the Census Bureau has reviewed the data product for unauthorized disclosure of confidential information and has approved the disclosure avoidance practices applied. For Canada, this includes medical biotechnology, environmental biotechnology, industrial biotechnology, and agricultural biotechnology. For Latvia, this includes medical biotechnology, environmental biotechnology, industrial biotechnology, and agricultural biotechnology.
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Biotechnology R&D intensity in enterprise sector by country 2023
In 2023, Belgium's biotech research and development intensity in the enterprise sector accounted for approximately 0.89 percent of GDP. Meanwhile, Denmark's biotech R&D intensity in the enterprise sector was 0.63 percent.Â
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OECD. (March 16, 2026). Biotech R&D intensity in the enterprise sector in selected countries in 2023 [Graph]. In ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. Retrieved July 24, 2026, from /statistics/379990/country-biotechnology-company-rd-intensity/
OECD. "Biotech R&D intensity in the enterprise sector in selected countries in 2023." Chart. March 16, 2026. ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. Accessed July 24, 2026. /statistics/379990/country-biotechnology-company-rd-intensity/
OECD. (2026). Biotech R&D intensity in the enterprise sector in selected countries in 2023. ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ Inc.. Accessed: July 24, 2026. /statistics/379990/country-biotechnology-company-rd-intensity/
OECD. "Biotech R&d Intensity in The Enterprise Sector in Selected Countries in 2023." ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ, ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ Inc., 16 Mar 2026, /statistics/379990/country-biotechnology-company-rd-intensity/
OECD, Biotech R&D intensity in the enterprise sector in selected countries in 2023 ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ, /statistics/379990/country-biotechnology-company-rd-intensity/ (last visited July 24, 2026)
Biotech R&D intensity in the enterprise sector in selected countries in 2023 [Graph], OECD, March 16, 2026. [Online]. Available: /statistics/379990/country-biotechnology-company-rd-intensity/
