Low-income households are defined as families who earn less annually than twice the value of the federal poverty level.
Definitions of birth year cohorts for each generation may differ depending upon the source. According to this data, Gen Alpha is born 2013 to 2025, Gen Z is born 1997 to 2012, Millennials are born 1981 to 1996, Gen X is born 1965 to 1980, and Baby Boomers are born 1946 to 1964.
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Share of people living in low-income households U.S. 2018-22, by race and generation
Between 2018 and 2022, Americans who identified as Black, American Indian or Alaska Native, and Hispanic or Latino were most likely to be living in low-income households across all generations in the United States. Within the provided time period, ** percent of Generation Alpha who were Black lived in families with incomes below the federal poverty line in the United States, followed by ** percent who were American Indian or Alaska Native, and ** percent who were Hispanic or Latino.
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Annie E. Casey Foundation. (July 30, 2024). Share of people living in low-income households in the United States between 2018 and 2022, by race and generation [Graph]. In ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. Retrieved August 04, 2026, from /statistics/1474164/people-living-in-low-income-households-by-race-and-generation-us/
Annie E. Casey Foundation. "Share of people living in low-income households in the United States between 2018 and 2022, by race and generation." Chart. July 30, 2024. ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. Accessed August 04, 2026. /statistics/1474164/people-living-in-low-income-households-by-race-and-generation-us/
Annie E. Casey Foundation. (2024). Share of people living in low-income households in the United States between 2018 and 2022, by race and generation. ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ Inc.. Accessed: August 04, 2026. /statistics/1474164/people-living-in-low-income-households-by-race-and-generation-us/
Annie E. Casey Foundation. "Share of People Living in Low-income Households in The United States between 2018 and 2022, by Race and Generation." ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ, ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ Inc., 30 Jul 2024, /statistics/1474164/people-living-in-low-income-households-by-race-and-generation-us/
Annie E. Casey Foundation, Share of people living in low-income households in the United States between 2018 and 2022, by race and generation ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ, /statistics/1474164/people-living-in-low-income-households-by-race-and-generation-us/ (last visited August 04, 2026)
Share of people living in low-income households in the United States between 2018 and 2022, by race and generation [Graph], Annie E. Casey Foundation, July 30, 2024. [Online]. Available: /statistics/1474164/people-living-in-low-income-households-by-race-and-generation-us/
