All categories account for a minor or no labor displacement except in noted circumstance (*, **).
*Elevated levels of labor displacement
**Significant amount of labor displacement
Citation formats
Effect on productivity with AI adoption U.S., by AI capability and labor displacement
The more powerful the artificial intelligence (AI) used, the more impressive the benefits on labor productivity will be. This is consistent for those companies adopting AI over a ** year period, with ** year and ** year periods all both demonstrating a far slower increase in productivity. The displacement of labor is far less drastic if companies are willing to employ more powerful AI models.
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Goldman Sachs. (March 26, 2023). Effect of artificial intelligence (AI) adoption on annual labor productivity growth in the United States, by AI capabilities and labor displacement [Graph]. In ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. Retrieved July 31, 2026, from /statistics/1378626/growth-of-labor-productivity-ai-adoption-2023/
Goldman Sachs. "Effect of artificial intelligence (AI) adoption on annual labor productivity growth in the United States, by AI capabilities and labor displacement." Chart. March 26, 2023. ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. Accessed July 31, 2026. /statistics/1378626/growth-of-labor-productivity-ai-adoption-2023/
Goldman Sachs. (2023). Effect of artificial intelligence (AI) adoption on annual labor productivity growth in the United States, by AI capabilities and labor displacement. ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ Inc.. Accessed: July 31, 2026. /statistics/1378626/growth-of-labor-productivity-ai-adoption-2023/
Goldman Sachs. "Effect of Artificial Intelligence (Ai) Adoption on Annual Labor Productivity Growth in The United States, by Ai Capabilities and Labor Displacement." ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ, ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ Inc., 26 Mar 2023, /statistics/1378626/growth-of-labor-productivity-ai-adoption-2023/
Goldman Sachs, Effect of artificial intelligence (AI) adoption on annual labor productivity growth in the United States, by AI capabilities and labor displacement ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ, /statistics/1378626/growth-of-labor-productivity-ai-adoption-2023/ (last visited July 31, 2026)
Effect of artificial intelligence (AI) adoption on annual labor productivity growth in the United States, by AI capabilities and labor displacement [Graph], Goldman Sachs, March 26, 2023. [Online]. Available: /statistics/1378626/growth-of-labor-productivity-ai-adoption-2023/
