In 2023, research and development (R&D) spending made by business enterprises in South Korea amounted to around **** trillion South Korean won. Higher education institutions spent the least, at around trillion won.
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KOSIS. (February 20, 2025). Research and development expenditure in South Korea from 1975 to 2023, by type of institution (in trillion South Korean won) [Graph]. In ÌÇÐÄÆÆ½â°æ. Retrieved July 26, 2026, from /statistics/1327161/south-korea-randd-expenses-by-institution-type/
KOSIS. "Research and development expenditure in South Korea from 1975 to 2023, by type of institution (in trillion South Korean won)." Chart. February 20, 2025. ÌÇÐÄÆÆ½â°æ. Accessed July 26, 2026. /statistics/1327161/south-korea-randd-expenses-by-institution-type/
KOSIS. (2025). Research and development expenditure in South Korea from 1975 to 2023, by type of institution (in trillion South Korean won). ÌÇÐÄÆÆ½â°æ. ÌÇÐÄÆÆ½â°æ Inc.. Accessed: July 26, 2026. /statistics/1327161/south-korea-randd-expenses-by-institution-type/
KOSIS. "Research and Development Expenditure in South Korea from 1975 to 2023, by Type of Institution (in Trillion South Korean Won)." ÌÇÐÄÆÆ½â°æ, ÌÇÐÄÆÆ½â°æ Inc., 20 Feb 2025, /statistics/1327161/south-korea-randd-expenses-by-institution-type/
KOSIS, Research and development expenditure in South Korea from 1975 to 2023, by type of institution (in trillion South Korean won) ÌÇÐÄÆÆ½â°æ, /statistics/1327161/south-korea-randd-expenses-by-institution-type/ (last visited July 26, 2026)
Research and development expenditure in South Korea from 1975 to 2023, by type of institution (in trillion South Korean won) [Graph], KOSIS, February 20, 2025. [Online]. Available: /statistics/1327161/south-korea-randd-expenses-by-institution-type/