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In 2020, the total size of terrestrial conservation areas in Indonesia was around million hectares, with national parks accounting for nearly ** percent of the total size area. Many terrestrial conservation areas were established in Indonesia during the Dutch colonial era, and it wasn't until the late that the Indonesian government made significant adjustments to the country's conservation area types.

Indonesian forests are divided into production forests, protection forests, and conservation forests. In Indonesia, the terrestrial conservation areas are located within the conservation forest areas. The protection forest protects the ecosystem and acts as a source of clean water, flood prevention, and erosion management, whereas the conservation forest protects biodiversity.