Original question: In the past 12 months have you ever seen hateful
or degrading messages or comments online, against people
or certain groups of people?
According to the source: "Cyberhate exposure, when people see or hear hateful content online but do not have to be targeted or feel targeted by it."
As of April 2019, 59 percent of children in Czechia who used the internet reported that they had seen hateful or degrading messages against people or certain groups of people online. Furthermore, 47 percent of respondents from Poland and 42 percent from Norway stated that they had been exposed to cyberhate.
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EU Kids Online. (June 24, 2020). Share of children in selected countries in Europe who have been exposed to cyberhate as of April 2019 [Graph]. In ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. Retrieved July 26, 2026, from /statistics/1282153/european-countries-childrens-exposure-cyberhate/
EU Kids Online. "Share of children in selected countries in Europe who have been exposed to cyberhate as of April 2019." Chart. June 24, 2020. ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. Accessed July 26, 2026. /statistics/1282153/european-countries-childrens-exposure-cyberhate/
EU Kids Online. (2020). Share of children in selected countries in Europe who have been exposed to cyberhate as of April 2019. ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ Inc.. Accessed: July 26, 2026. /statistics/1282153/european-countries-childrens-exposure-cyberhate/
EU Kids Online. "Share of Children in Selected Countries in Europe Who Have Been Exposed to Cyberhate as of April 2019." ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ, ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ Inc., 24 Jun 2020, /statistics/1282153/european-countries-childrens-exposure-cyberhate/
EU Kids Online, Share of children in selected countries in Europe who have been exposed to cyberhate as of April 2019 ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ, /statistics/1282153/european-countries-childrens-exposure-cyberhate/ (last visited July 26, 2026)
Share of children in selected countries in Europe who have been exposed to cyberhate as of April 2019 [Graph], EU Kids Online, June 24, 2020. [Online]. Available: /statistics/1282153/european-countries-childrens-exposure-cyberhate/
