Mineral demand for clean energy technologies worldwide in 2010 and 2020, with forecasts for 2030 and 2040, by technology and scenario
(in million metric tons)
Characteristic
Solar PV
Wind
Other low-carbon power generation
EVs and battery storage
Electricity networks
Hydrogen
2040 - Sustainable Development Scenario
1.82
1.7
1.22
12.65
10.01
0.08
2040 - Stated Policies Scenario
1.49
1.2
0.66
3.99
7.61
0.02
2030 - Sustainable Development Scenario
1.75
1.6
1.47
6.9
7.31
0.02
2030 - Stated Policies Scenario
0.96
1.02
0.93
2.99
6.24
0.01
2020
0.74
0.64
0.31
0.43
4.98
0
2010
0.25
0.35
0.23
0.01
3.8
0
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The global demand for minerals from clean energy technologies has increased gradually from 2010 to 2020, and is forecast to grow by two to four times over the next two decades. The mineral demand for electricity networks reached five million tons in 2020. It is forecast that electricity networks' mineral demand will reach ten million metric tons in 2040 under the Sustainable Development Scenario, while the Stated Policies Scenario forecast demand amounted to nearly eight million metric tons.
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IEA. (May 6, 2021). Mineral demand for clean energy technologies worldwide in 2010 and 2020, with forecasts for 2030 and 2040, by technology and scenario (in million metric tons) [Graph]. In ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. Retrieved July 25, 2026, from /statistics/1270126/mineral-demand-for-clean-energy-technologies-worldwide/
IEA. "Mineral demand for clean energy technologies worldwide in 2010 and 2020, with forecasts for 2030 and 2040, by technology and scenario (in million metric tons)." Chart. May 6, 2021. ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. Accessed July 25, 2026. /statistics/1270126/mineral-demand-for-clean-energy-technologies-worldwide/
IEA. (2021). Mineral demand for clean energy technologies worldwide in 2010 and 2020, with forecasts for 2030 and 2040, by technology and scenario (in million metric tons). ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ Inc.. Accessed: July 25, 2026. /statistics/1270126/mineral-demand-for-clean-energy-technologies-worldwide/
IEA. "Mineral Demand for Clean Energy Technologies Worldwide in 2010 and 2020, with Forecasts for 2030 and 2040, by Technology and Scenario (in Million Metric Tons)." ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ, ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ Inc., 6 May 2021, /statistics/1270126/mineral-demand-for-clean-energy-technologies-worldwide/
IEA, Mineral demand for clean energy technologies worldwide in 2010 and 2020, with forecasts for 2030 and 2040, by technology and scenario (in million metric tons) ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ, /statistics/1270126/mineral-demand-for-clean-energy-technologies-worldwide/ (last visited July 25, 2026)
Mineral demand for clean energy technologies worldwide in 2010 and 2020, with forecasts for 2030 and 2040, by technology and scenario (in million metric tons) [Graph], IEA, May 6, 2021. [Online]. Available: /statistics/1270126/mineral-demand-for-clean-energy-technologies-worldwide/
