In 2023, the Roma people were the most common target of offensive and hate speech posts on Facebook. On X/Twitter, humanitarian activities triggered the largest share of offensive content, followed by the Romani people. Immigration generated many negative comments and posts on both social medias. According to the source, the largest share of offensive and discriminatory content was found on X/Twitter, ** percent, compared to ** percent on Facebook.
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Amnesty International. (June 30, 2024). Incidence of offensive, discriminatory or hate speech content on Facebook and X/Twitter posts and comments in Italy in 2023, by topic [Graph]. In ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. Retrieved July 28, 2026, from /statistics/1262423/main-topics-of-online-hate-speech-in-italy/
Amnesty International. "Incidence of offensive, discriminatory or hate speech content on Facebook and X/Twitter posts and comments in Italy in 2023, by topic." Chart. June 30, 2024. ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. Accessed July 28, 2026. /statistics/1262423/main-topics-of-online-hate-speech-in-italy/
Amnesty International. (2024). Incidence of offensive, discriminatory or hate speech content on Facebook and X/Twitter posts and comments in Italy in 2023, by topic. ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ Inc.. Accessed: July 28, 2026. /statistics/1262423/main-topics-of-online-hate-speech-in-italy/
Amnesty International. "Incidence of Offensive, Discriminatory or Hate Speech Content on Facebook and X/Twitter Posts and Comments in Italy in 2023, by Topic." ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ, ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ Inc., 30 Jun 2024, /statistics/1262423/main-topics-of-online-hate-speech-in-italy/
Amnesty International, Incidence of offensive, discriminatory or hate speech content on Facebook and X/Twitter posts and comments in Italy in 2023, by topic ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ, /statistics/1262423/main-topics-of-online-hate-speech-in-italy/ (last visited July 28, 2026)
Incidence of offensive, discriminatory or hate speech content on Facebook and X/Twitter posts and comments in Italy in 2023, by topic [Graph], Amnesty International, June 30, 2024. [Online]. Available: /statistics/1262423/main-topics-of-online-hate-speech-in-italy/
