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The Survey was conducted in the U.S., Europe (the U.K., Germany, France, Switzerland) and Japan. For the U.S., the sample included 1,002 individual investors, with gender identity, sexual orientation, race and ethnicity, age and geography matching 2020 U.S. Census records. For Europe, the sample included 1,025 individual investors (289 from the U.K., 273 from France, 285 from Germany and 178 from Switzerland), with gender identity, age and geography matched to each country’s most recent census. For Japan, the sample included 793 individual investors. For all geographies, respondents were required to be self-identified ‘active’ or ‘somewhat active’ investors between 18–80 years old with over $100,000 in investible assets, excluding personal retirement accounts, employer-sponsored retirement accounts and personal real estate.