Catalina Espinosa
Research expert covering society, economy, and politics for Europe and the EU
Demographics of Israel - statistics & facts
As Israel’s population edged past 10 million people in 2025, the number of migrant workers and asylum seekers, mostly from Asia and Africa, now accounted for about two percent of residents. The other 98 percent was composed of various ethnicities and religions, including Jews, Arabs, Christians, and Druze. The country is highly urbanized, with nearly four million inhabitants who reside in the Central and Tel-Aviv districts. Jerusalem, the largest city in the country, was the only city with over one million residents. Meanwhile, Tel-Aviv continues to serve as the nation’s economic and commercial hub, boasting a world-leading startup ecosystem.
Looking ahead, Israel's population is anticipated to continue to grow. Economically and socially, this presents both opportunities and challenges for local policymakers.
Fertility and immigration driving growth
Israel is unique among affluent countries in its high fertility rates. While the average European woman is expected to have approximately 1.58 children during her lifetime, and Americans 1.67, their Israeli counterparts bear 2.85 children. This has significantly contributed to Israel's population growth, which increased by roughly two percent in 2023. Other contributing factors to population growth included a rising life expectancy and immigration. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, Israel benefited from a decade-long influx of Jewish immigration, which notably bolstered its economic development, particularly within the technology sector. A new wave of post-soviet immigration, reminiscent of that time, was triggered following Russia’s invasion of Ukraine.A young nation in an aging world
Despite its population aging steadily, Israel remains relatively young compared to other developed countries. As of 2023, over a quarter of Israelis were under the age of 14. This youthful outlook can be attributed to the country's unique religious and cultural makeup. For instance, in Israeli settlements in the West Bank, known for their stronger religious affiliation, the median age was below 20 years in 2023. Conversely, in the more secular region of Tel Aviv, the median age exceeded 34 years. This variation extends to different religions as well, with the median age among Muslims being 24 years, and 35 years among Christians.Looking ahead, Israel's population is anticipated to continue to grow. Economically and socially, this presents both opportunities and challenges for local policymakers.
