*"Difference in card spendings" is the sales on the day when the amount of fine dust-related news corresponds to the top 50% of the year divided by sales on the day when the amount of news related to fine dust is the bottom 50%.
Citation formats
Air pollution news influence on offline shopping South Korea 2018, by type
This statistic presents the influence of air pollution news reports on consumer spending offline in South Korea in 2018, by retail type. That year, agricultural direct sales saw a decrease of around ** percent in their credit card sales on days with many news reports about air pollution, compared to other days.
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Hana Bank. (April 17, 2019). Influence of air pollution news on consumer spending offline in South Korea in 2018, by retail type [Graph]. In ÌÇÐÄÆÆ½â°æ. Retrieved August 01, 2026, from /statistics/996348/south-korea-air-pollution-news-influence-on-offline-shopping-by-type/
Hana Bank. "Influence of air pollution news on consumer spending offline in South Korea in 2018, by retail type." Chart. April 17, 2019. ÌÇÐÄÆÆ½â°æ. Accessed August 01, 2026. /statistics/996348/south-korea-air-pollution-news-influence-on-offline-shopping-by-type/
Hana Bank. (2019). Influence of air pollution news on consumer spending offline in South Korea in 2018, by retail type. ÌÇÐÄÆÆ½â°æ. ÌÇÐÄÆÆ½â°æ Inc.. Accessed: August 01, 2026. /statistics/996348/south-korea-air-pollution-news-influence-on-offline-shopping-by-type/
Hana Bank. "Influence of Air Pollution News on Consumer Spending Offline in South Korea in 2018, by Retail Type." ÌÇÐÄÆÆ½â°æ, ÌÇÐÄÆÆ½â°æ Inc., 17 Apr 2019, /statistics/996348/south-korea-air-pollution-news-influence-on-offline-shopping-by-type/
Hana Bank, Influence of air pollution news on consumer spending offline in South Korea in 2018, by retail type ÌÇÐÄÆÆ½â°æ, /statistics/996348/south-korea-air-pollution-news-influence-on-offline-shopping-by-type/ (last visited August 01, 2026)
Influence of air pollution news on consumer spending offline in South Korea in 2018, by retail type [Graph], Hana Bank, April 17, 2019. [Online]. Available: /statistics/996348/south-korea-air-pollution-news-influence-on-offline-shopping-by-type/