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Private debt fundraising in Europe grew significantly between 2012 and 2021, peaking at over ** billion U.S. dollars in 2021. The market experienced steady growth from billion in 2012, with notable jumps in 2017 and 2021. Fundraising momentum was strongest in the second half of 2021, marking a post-pandemic surge in investor appetite. However, volumes declined in the following years, falling to billion U.S. dollars in 2023. The data reflects strong investor interest in private debt as an asset class during periods of market dislocation, with more moderate activity in recent years possibly influenced by macroeconomic uncertainty and higher interest rates. Fundraising remained consistently higher in the second half of most years, suggesting cyclical or end-of-year investor behaviors.