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Cotton is an important crop and commodity produced in the Indian subcontinent. At the end of fiscal year 2024, the yield of cotton produced in the country was estimated to be around 436 kilograms per hectare, a decrease from the previous fiscal year. 

 Cotton production 

India is the world's leading cotton producing country. Cotton cultivation has witnessed major technological advancement with the introduction of hybrids for commercial use in late 1960s. Additionally, due to shorter cultivation duration of many superior cotton hybrids, crop rotation with wheat has been practiced in many northern states. The area for cotton cultivation across the country was nearly 13 million hectares in 2018.

 Importance of cotton in economy

  Cotton plays an important role in in the agricultural and industrial economy of the country. For instance, the export value of cotton and cotton products was over 783 billion Indian rupees in fiscal year 2019. As an economically viable crop, cotton, has gained much attention from the government and has benefited from various schemes and programs.