Reference scenario; excluding international aviation
Supplementary notes
*Solid/Manufactured Fuels includes steam coal, anthracite, manufactured sold fuels, benzole, tars, blast furnace gas, and coke oven gas.
Projected data is taken from the reference scenario, which is based on central estimates of economic growth and fossil fuel prices and contains all agreed policies where decisions on policy design are sufficiently advanced to allow robust estimates of impact (i.e. including 'planned' policies).
In the next two decades, natural gas and petroleum products are expected to be the main sources of final energy consumption in the United Kingdom. By 2040, natural gas demand is forecast to reach ** million metric tons of oil equivalent, up from **** in 2023. The final consumption of electricity in the UK is expected to grow by ** percent between 2023 and 2040, whereas the final consumption of energy from renewable sources is forecast to grow until 2030 but then decrease.
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GOV.UK. (December 17, 2024). Final energy consumption in the United Kingdom in 2023 with a forecast for 2040, by energy type (in 1,000 metric tons of oil equivalent) [Graph]. In ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. Retrieved July 17, 2026, from /statistics/495010/final-energy-consumption-uk/
GOV.UK. "Final energy consumption in the United Kingdom in 2023 with a forecast for 2040, by energy type (in 1,000 metric tons of oil equivalent)." Chart. December 17, 2024. ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. Accessed July 17, 2026. /statistics/495010/final-energy-consumption-uk/
GOV.UK. (2024). Final energy consumption in the United Kingdom in 2023 with a forecast for 2040, by energy type (in 1,000 metric tons of oil equivalent). ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ Inc.. Accessed: July 17, 2026. /statistics/495010/final-energy-consumption-uk/
GOV.UK. "Final Energy Consumption in The United Kingdom in 2023 with a Forecast for 2040, by Energy Type (in 1,000 Metric Tons of Oil Equivalent)." ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ, ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ Inc., 17 Dec 2024, /statistics/495010/final-energy-consumption-uk/
GOV.UK, Final energy consumption in the United Kingdom in 2023 with a forecast for 2040, by energy type (in 1,000 metric tons of oil equivalent) ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ, /statistics/495010/final-energy-consumption-uk/ (last visited July 17, 2026)
Final energy consumption in the United Kingdom in 2023 with a forecast for 2040, by energy type (in 1,000 metric tons of oil equivalent) [Graph], GOV.UK, December 17, 2024. [Online]. Available: /statistics/495010/final-energy-consumption-uk/
