data is composed of the Adult Population Survey and the National Expert Survey
Method of interview
Questionnaire
Supplementary notes
Improvement-driven opportunity (IDO) entrepreneurs are defined as those opportunity-driven entrepreneurs who sought to either earn more money or be more independent, as opposed to maintain income.
Citation formats
Improvement-driven opportunity entrepreneurial activity in Europe by country 2019
This statistic shows the share of improvement-driven opportunity (IDO) entrepreneurship in total early-stage entrepreneurial activity (TEA) in Europe in 2019, by country. According to the report, improvement-driven opportunity entrepreneurial activity is defined as the percentage of those involved in TEA who claim to be driven by opportunity as opposed to finding no other option for work, and who indicate the main driver for being involved in this opportunity is being independent or increasing their income. According to data from the , in 2019, the share of improvement-driven opportunity entrepreneurship in the Germany was ** percent.
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GEM. (February 25, 2020). Improvement-driven opportunity entrepreneurial activity in Europe in 2019, by country (as a percentage of total entrepreneurial activity) [Graph]. In ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. Retrieved July 27, 2026, from /statistics/315727/improvement-driven-opportunity-entrepreneurial-activity-in-europe/
GEM. "Improvement-driven opportunity entrepreneurial activity in Europe in 2019, by country (as a percentage of total entrepreneurial activity)." Chart. February 25, 2020. ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. Accessed July 27, 2026. /statistics/315727/improvement-driven-opportunity-entrepreneurial-activity-in-europe/
GEM. (2020). Improvement-driven opportunity entrepreneurial activity in Europe in 2019, by country (as a percentage of total entrepreneurial activity). ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ Inc.. Accessed: July 27, 2026. /statistics/315727/improvement-driven-opportunity-entrepreneurial-activity-in-europe/
GEM. "Improvement-driven Opportunity Entrepreneurial Activity in Europe in 2019, by Country (as a Percentage of Total Entrepreneurial Activity)." ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ, ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ Inc., 25 Feb 2020, /statistics/315727/improvement-driven-opportunity-entrepreneurial-activity-in-europe/
GEM, Improvement-driven opportunity entrepreneurial activity in Europe in 2019, by country (as a percentage of total entrepreneurial activity) ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ, /statistics/315727/improvement-driven-opportunity-entrepreneurial-activity-in-europe/ (last visited July 27, 2026)
Improvement-driven opportunity entrepreneurial activity in Europe in 2019, by country (as a percentage of total entrepreneurial activity) [Graph], GEM, February 25, 2020. [Online]. Available: /statistics/315727/improvement-driven-opportunity-entrepreneurial-activity-in-europe/
