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In 2023, China was the leading country in terms of solar photovoltaic cell production, with a share of almost 92 percent of global output, and the closest competitor, Malaysia, holding a mere 2.3 percent share. China's influence extends beyond cell production to module manufacturing, where it accounted for about 85 percent of global production. The stark contrast in production capabilities highlights the challenges other nations face in competing with China's solar manufacturing industry. 

Efforts to diversify global solar manufacturing 

While China maintains its strong hold on solar production, other regions strive to increase their manufacturing capabilities. The United States is forecast to boost its module production capacity from nine gigawatts in 2022 to approximately 60 gigawatts by 2026. Similarly, the European Union is working to increase its solar PV manufacturing base through the EU's Solar Energy Strategy. As of 2025, the combined module production capacity of the European Union and Norway stood at just over 14 gigawatts. These efforts reflect a growing recognition of the need to diversify the global solar supply chain and reduce dependence on a single dominant producer. 

Solar manufacturing in India  

India's solar photovoltaic manufacturing industry is experiencing rapid growth, with solar module production capacity increasing from 5.9 gigawatts in 2020 to some 53.5 gigawatts in 2023. This rapid increase in production capacity has not only supported domestic solar projects but has also opened opportunities for international trade. In the 2024 fiscal year, nearly a third of India's annual module production was exported, demonstrating the country's increasing competitiveness in the global solar market.