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On December 16, 2025, Medline Inc. raised 7.2 billion U.S. dollars on its public debut on the Nasdaq Stock Market, making it the largest initial public offering (IPO) of the year in the United States. Six of the ten largest IPOs in the U.S. that year each raised over two billion U.S. dollars in capital. 

Why do companies go public?

Private companies have limited access to capital and mainly use traditional sources to finance their expenditures. While such firms have more freedom to operate without reporting to investors, this also blocks the companies from raising access directly from the public. The value raised by IPOs can be significant. In hopes of gaining access to this capital, the number of IPOs in the United States generally exceeds 100 firms each year.

Risks of an IPO

IPO is a long and costly process. It necessitates cooperation with investment advisory firms to ensure that all requirements are met and that the process is optimally planned. A public company is subject to governmental and public scrutiny – any negative information, such as rumors about insider trading, can result in falling stock prices. Also, the time when going public is crucial. Even a prospering company can have a very low return in times of recession.