*the source changed its methodology in 2024, prior to 2024 figures were reported as consumption
Supplementary notes
This report was previously published by BP.
The source states primary energy comprises commercially traded fuels, including modern renewables used to generate electricity.
Energy from all sources of non-fossil power generation is accounted for on an input-equivalent basis.
Further information on the methodology can be found .
Figures exclude the United Kingdom.
Citation formats
Primary energy supply in the EU-27 2023-2024, by fuel
Oil was the most commonly used fuel in the European Union in 2024, accounting for  exajoules of primary energy consumption. In comparison, renewable energy sources accounted for *** exajoules of energy consumption that year.
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Energy Institute. (June 25, 2025). Primary energy supply in the European Union from 2023 to 2024, by fuel (in exajoules) [Graph]. In ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. Retrieved August 01, 2026, from /statistics/236316/primary-energy-consumption-in-the-eu-by-fuel-in-oil-equivalent/
Energy Institute. "Primary energy supply in the European Union from 2023 to 2024, by fuel (in exajoules)." Chart. June 25, 2025. ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. Accessed August 01, 2026. /statistics/236316/primary-energy-consumption-in-the-eu-by-fuel-in-oil-equivalent/
Energy Institute. (2025). Primary energy supply in the European Union from 2023 to 2024, by fuel (in exajoules). ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ Inc.. Accessed: August 01, 2026. /statistics/236316/primary-energy-consumption-in-the-eu-by-fuel-in-oil-equivalent/
Energy Institute. "Primary Energy Supply in The European Union from 2023 to 2024, by Fuel (in Exajoules)." ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ, ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ Inc., 25 Jun 2025, /statistics/236316/primary-energy-consumption-in-the-eu-by-fuel-in-oil-equivalent/
Energy Institute, Primary energy supply in the European Union from 2023 to 2024, by fuel (in exajoules) ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ, /statistics/236316/primary-energy-consumption-in-the-eu-by-fuel-in-oil-equivalent/ (last visited August 01, 2026)
Primary energy supply in the European Union from 2023 to 2024, by fuel (in exajoules) [Graph], Energy Institute, June 25, 2025. [Online]. Available: /statistics/236316/primary-energy-consumption-in-the-eu-by-fuel-in-oil-equivalent/
