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The global production capacity of clinker amounted to an estimated 3.8 billion metric tons in 2025. Of that amount, China accounted for the vast majority of the capacity, at 1.8 billion metric tons. Indeed, China has accounted for over half of the world’s cement production in recent years.

Clinker in the United States

Cement is a binding material that hardens to connect building units like stones and brick; it is most often used in construction. Clinker, on the other hand, acts primarily as a building block to produce cement. The United States' clinker imports for consumption amounted to 23,000 metric tons in 2025; however, domestic production of clinker in the U.S. exceeded imports by a large volume.

Market dynamics and pricing

The cement and concrete industry has experienced notable price fluctuations in recent years. In 2024, the producer price index for concrete products in the United States rose by nearly 5.1 percent compared to the previous year. This trend is part of a longer-term increase, with the index climbing from 210.8 in 2011 to 389 in 2024. Similarly, the price index of concrete products reached 433.1 points in 2024, up from 238 in 2012. These price movements reflect the dynamic nature of the construction materials market and its sensitivity to economic factors.