| Characteristic | Elementary/secondary education | Postsecondary education | Other education | Research programs at universities and related institutions |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| - | - | - | - | - |
| - | - | - | - | - |
| - | - | - | - | - |
| - | - | - | - | - |
| - | - | - | - | - |
| - | - | - | - | - |
| - | - | - | - | - |
| - | - | - | - | - |
| - | - | - | - | - |
| - | - | - | - | - |
| - | - | - | - | - |
| - | - | - | - | - |
| - | - | - | - | - |
| - | - | - | - | - |
| - | - | - | - | - |
| - | - | - | - | - |
| - | - | - | - | - |
| - | - | - | - | - |
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February 2024
United States
1970 to 2022
current U.S. dollars.
Data have been rounded.
Excludes federal support for medical education benefits under Medicare in the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Benefits are excluded because data before fiscal year (FY) 1990 are not available. This program existed since Medicare began, but was not available as a separate budget item until FY 1990. Excluded amounts are estimated as follows: $4,440,000,000 in FY 1990, $8,020,000,000 in FY 2000, $8,290,000,000 in FY 2005, $9,080,000,000 in FY 2010, $9,200,000,000 in FY 2011, $9,800,000,000 in FY 2012, $10,000,000,000 in FY 2013, $11,530,000,000 in FY 2014, $11,800,000,000 in FY 2015, and $12,100,000,000 in FY 2016.
