In 2025, automotive economic activity valued at approximately *** trillion U.S. dollars would be at risk under a scenario of full rare earth export controls by China. The combined economic value at risk for aviation, trucks, and trains was estimated at just over *** trillion U.S. dollars.
In April 2025, China introduced export controls on key heavy rare earth elements, related compounds, and permanent magnets, tightening global supply conditions.
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IEA. (April 8, 2026). Economic value of rare earth downstream production at risk from full export controls as of 2025, by sector (in billion U.S. dollars) [Graph]. In ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. Retrieved July 27, 2026, from /statistics/1660907/economic-value-rare-earth-downstream-production-at-risk-from-full-export-controls-by-sector/
IEA. "Economic value of rare earth downstream production at risk from full export controls as of 2025, by sector (in billion U.S. dollars)." Chart. April 8, 2026. ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. Accessed July 27, 2026. /statistics/1660907/economic-value-rare-earth-downstream-production-at-risk-from-full-export-controls-by-sector/
IEA. (2026). Economic value of rare earth downstream production at risk from full export controls as of 2025, by sector (in billion U.S. dollars). ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ Inc.. Accessed: July 27, 2026. /statistics/1660907/economic-value-rare-earth-downstream-production-at-risk-from-full-export-controls-by-sector/
IEA. "Economic Value of Rare Earth Downstream Production at Risk from Full Export Controls as of 2025, by Sector (in Billion U.S. Dollars)." ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ, ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ Inc., 8 Apr 2026, /statistics/1660907/economic-value-rare-earth-downstream-production-at-risk-from-full-export-controls-by-sector/
IEA, Economic value of rare earth downstream production at risk from full export controls as of 2025, by sector (in billion U.S. dollars) ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ, /statistics/1660907/economic-value-rare-earth-downstream-production-at-risk-from-full-export-controls-by-sector/ (last visited July 27, 2026)
Economic value of rare earth downstream production at risk from full export controls as of 2025, by sector (in billion U.S. dollars) [Graph], IEA, April 8, 2026. [Online]. Available: /statistics/1660907/economic-value-rare-earth-downstream-production-at-risk-from-full-export-controls-by-sector/
