In 2021, the external emigration rate in Spain reached its highest value for both Spaniards and foreigners, estimated at *** and departures per thousand inhabitants, respectively. In 2023, this indicator showed that, for every thousand inhabitants in the country, **** Spaniards and individuals of other nationalities emigrated.
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INE (Spain). (December 12, 2024). Number of emigrations abroad per thousand inhabitants of Spain from 2008 to 2023, by Spanish or foreign nationality [Graph]. In ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. Retrieved July 30, 2026, from /statistics/1634448/emigration-rate-from-spain-to-abroad-by-nationality/
INE (Spain). "Number of emigrations abroad per thousand inhabitants of Spain from 2008 to 2023, by Spanish or foreign nationality." Chart. December 12, 2024. ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. Accessed July 30, 2026. /statistics/1634448/emigration-rate-from-spain-to-abroad-by-nationality/
INE (Spain). (2024). Number of emigrations abroad per thousand inhabitants of Spain from 2008 to 2023, by Spanish or foreign nationality. ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ Inc.. Accessed: July 30, 2026. /statistics/1634448/emigration-rate-from-spain-to-abroad-by-nationality/
INE (Spain). "Number of Emigrations Abroad per Thousand Inhabitants of Spain from 2008 to 2023, by Spanish or Foreign Nationality." ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ, ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ Inc., 12 Dec 2024, /statistics/1634448/emigration-rate-from-spain-to-abroad-by-nationality/
INE (Spain), Number of emigrations abroad per thousand inhabitants of Spain from 2008 to 2023, by Spanish or foreign nationality ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ, /statistics/1634448/emigration-rate-from-spain-to-abroad-by-nationality/ (last visited July 30, 2026)
Number of emigrations abroad per thousand inhabitants of Spain from 2008 to 2023, by Spanish or foreign nationality [Graph], INE (Spain), December 12, 2024. [Online]. Available: /statistics/1634448/emigration-rate-from-spain-to-abroad-by-nationality/
