The source notes that, to avoid double counting, the data distinguishes between incidents in which one perpetrator is involved and in which at least two perpetrators are involved. Thus, deaths caused by Boko Haram and State Actors are combined into "Boko Haram, State Actor," which corresponds to clashing events.
As of June 2023, single Boko Haram insurgencies in Nigeria had resulted in over * deaths. Additionally, incidents involving both Boko Haram and State actors led to nearly * deaths. According to the source, these fatalities often emerge from political, economic, and social motivations.
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Council on Foreign Relations. (June 30, 2023). Total number of violent deaths in Nigeria as of June 2023, by perpetrator [Graph]. In ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. Retrieved August 03, 2026, from /statistics/1536786/cumulative-violent-deaths-in-nigeria-by-perpetrator/
Council on Foreign Relations. "Total number of violent deaths in Nigeria as of June 2023, by perpetrator." Chart. June 30, 2023. ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. Accessed August 03, 2026. /statistics/1536786/cumulative-violent-deaths-in-nigeria-by-perpetrator/
Council on Foreign Relations. (2023). Total number of violent deaths in Nigeria as of June 2023, by perpetrator. ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ Inc.. Accessed: August 03, 2026. /statistics/1536786/cumulative-violent-deaths-in-nigeria-by-perpetrator/
Council on Foreign Relations. "Total Number of Violent Deaths in Nigeria as of June 2023, by Perpetrator." ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ, ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ Inc., 30 Jun 2023, /statistics/1536786/cumulative-violent-deaths-in-nigeria-by-perpetrator/
Council on Foreign Relations, Total number of violent deaths in Nigeria as of June 2023, by perpetrator ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ, /statistics/1536786/cumulative-violent-deaths-in-nigeria-by-perpetrator/ (last visited August 03, 2026)
Total number of violent deaths in Nigeria as of June 2023, by perpetrator [Graph], Council on Foreign Relations, June 30, 2023. [Online]. Available: /statistics/1536786/cumulative-violent-deaths-in-nigeria-by-perpetrator/
