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Agricultural land in India amounted to around *** million hectares in 2023. This was a slight increase when compared to the previous year. That year, Haryana and Punjab were the leading Indian states with land available for agricultural purposes. 

Cultivation and farming

Of all agricultural land in India, *** million hectares has been cultivated. This makes India one of the largest agricultural economies globally. Major land types include alluvial soil in the Indo-Gangetic plains, black soil in Deccan, and red and laterite soils in the southern and eastern regions – all supporting the cultivation of rice, wheat, pulses, cotton, and oilseeds across varying climatic zones.

Digitalization in farming

Of recent policy developments from the central government towards agriculture has been the promotion of natural farming and digital land records. Initiatives like PM-KISAN provide income support to farmers. Additionally, states including Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh are digitizing land ownership data to reduce disputes. While controversial, several other states have eased land leasing laws to attract private investment and improve land utilization.