In 2022, fossil fuels were the main energy source for the production of cement clinker worldwide. To produce *** metric ton of clinker **** gigajoules of fossil fuels were needed. The production of clinker, *** of the main ingredients of cement, is very energy intensive. Using fossil fuels and other polluting energy sources for that process contributes to the carbon footprint of cement.
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IEA. (June 19, 2023). Thermal energy intensity of clinker production worldwide from 2010 to 2022, by type of energy (in gigajoules per metric ton) [Graph]. In ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. Retrieved August 03, 2026, from /statistics/1399841/global-energy-intensity-of-clinker-production-by-type-of-energy/
IEA. "Thermal energy intensity of clinker production worldwide from 2010 to 2022, by type of energy (in gigajoules per metric ton)." Chart. June 19, 2023. ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. Accessed August 03, 2026. /statistics/1399841/global-energy-intensity-of-clinker-production-by-type-of-energy/
IEA. (2023). Thermal energy intensity of clinker production worldwide from 2010 to 2022, by type of energy (in gigajoules per metric ton). ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ Inc.. Accessed: August 03, 2026. /statistics/1399841/global-energy-intensity-of-clinker-production-by-type-of-energy/
IEA. "Thermal Energy Intensity of Clinker Production Worldwide from 2010 to 2022, by Type of Energy (in Gigajoules per Metric Ton)." ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ, ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ Inc., 19 Jun 2023, /statistics/1399841/global-energy-intensity-of-clinker-production-by-type-of-energy/
IEA, Thermal energy intensity of clinker production worldwide from 2010 to 2022, by type of energy (in gigajoules per metric ton) ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ, /statistics/1399841/global-energy-intensity-of-clinker-production-by-type-of-energy/ (last visited August 03, 2026)
Thermal energy intensity of clinker production worldwide from 2010 to 2022, by type of energy (in gigajoules per metric ton) [Graph], IEA, June 19, 2023. [Online]. Available: /statistics/1399841/global-energy-intensity-of-clinker-production-by-type-of-energy/
