France is forecast to have the highest annual damage caused by coastal flooding within the European Union in 2100. Under a no-adaptation, high emissions scenario, the country could face over ** billion euros in damage. The UK followed, with estimated damages between 20 and 39 billion euros, depending on emissions development. On the other side of the spectrum are Bulgaria, Latvia, Estonia, Slovenia, and Lithuania, with expected annual damage due to coastal flooding below *** billion euros under both scenarios.
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European Commission. (May 14, 2020). Expected annual damage due to coastal floods in the European Union in 2100, by country and scenario (in billion euros) [Graph]. In ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. Retrieved July 31, 2026, from /statistics/1340635/annual-damage-from-coastal-floods-by-country-and-scenario-eu/
European Commission. "Expected annual damage due to coastal floods in the European Union in 2100, by country and scenario (in billion euros)." Chart. May 14, 2020. ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. Accessed July 31, 2026. /statistics/1340635/annual-damage-from-coastal-floods-by-country-and-scenario-eu/
European Commission. (2020). Expected annual damage due to coastal floods in the European Union in 2100, by country and scenario (in billion euros). ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ Inc.. Accessed: July 31, 2026. /statistics/1340635/annual-damage-from-coastal-floods-by-country-and-scenario-eu/
European Commission. "Expected Annual Damage Due to Coastal Floods in The European Union in 2100, by Country and Scenario (in Billion Euros)." ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ, ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ Inc., 14 May 2020, /statistics/1340635/annual-damage-from-coastal-floods-by-country-and-scenario-eu/
European Commission, Expected annual damage due to coastal floods in the European Union in 2100, by country and scenario (in billion euros) ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ, /statistics/1340635/annual-damage-from-coastal-floods-by-country-and-scenario-eu/ (last visited July 31, 2026)
Expected annual damage due to coastal floods in the European Union in 2100, by country and scenario (in billion euros) [Graph], European Commission, May 14, 2020. [Online]. Available: /statistics/1340635/annual-damage-from-coastal-floods-by-country-and-scenario-eu/
