based on fixed-term commutation ticket sales converted into users per day-one-way trip
Supplementary notes
In the survey, the metropolitan areas comprised the following prefectures:
Greater Tokyo Area: Tokyo, Kanagawa, Saitama, Chiba, Ibaraki, Gunma, Tochigi, and Yamanashi.
Chukyo Metropolitan Area: Aichi, Gifu, and Mie (northeastern part).
Kinki Metropolitan Area: Osaka, Hyogo, Kyoto, Nara, Shiga, Wakayama, and Mie (Iga City, Nabari City).
The survey limited the areas above to municipalities meeting the following criteria:
Railway commute time within 120-minutes to Tokyo Station or Osaka Station, or 90-minutes to Nagoya Station.
At least a three-percent share of commuters, but at least 500 people, working or attending school in the 23 special wards of Tokyo, Nagoya, or Osaka City.
Citation formats
Ratio of railway-using work and school commuters in Japan 2015, by metropolitan area
In 2015, around ** percent of fixed-term commutation ticket users in Japan's Greater Tokyo Area went to work, while ** percent attended school. This distribution was the most uneven among the three major metropolitan areas in the country.
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MLIT (Japan). (March 31, 2017). Distribution between railway users commuting to work or attending school in Japan's three major metropolitan areas in 2015, by area [Graph]. In ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. Retrieved July 28, 2026, from /statistics/1317632/japan-ratio-work-school-railway-commuters-by-major-metropolitan-area/
MLIT (Japan). "Distribution between railway users commuting to work or attending school in Japan's three major metropolitan areas in 2015, by area." Chart. March 31, 2017. ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. Accessed July 28, 2026. /statistics/1317632/japan-ratio-work-school-railway-commuters-by-major-metropolitan-area/
MLIT (Japan). (2017). Distribution between railway users commuting to work or attending school in Japan's three major metropolitan areas in 2015, by area. ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ Inc.. Accessed: July 28, 2026. /statistics/1317632/japan-ratio-work-school-railway-commuters-by-major-metropolitan-area/
MLIT (Japan). "Distribution between Railway Users Commuting to Work or Attending School in Japan's Three Major Metropolitan Areas in 2015, by Area." ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ, ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ Inc., 31 Mar 2017, /statistics/1317632/japan-ratio-work-school-railway-commuters-by-major-metropolitan-area/
MLIT (Japan), Distribution between railway users commuting to work or attending school in Japan's three major metropolitan areas in 2015, by area ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ, /statistics/1317632/japan-ratio-work-school-railway-commuters-by-major-metropolitan-area/ (last visited July 28, 2026)
Distribution between railway users commuting to work or attending school in Japan's three major metropolitan areas in 2015, by area [Graph], MLIT (Japan), March 31, 2017. [Online]. Available: /statistics/1317632/japan-ratio-work-school-railway-commuters-by-major-metropolitan-area/
