In case the Tokyo 2020 Olympics and Paralympics would be held without spectators, the economic loss stemming from it would amount to billion Japanese yen, according to an estimate from June 2021. As of March 2021, it was decided that the Games would be hosted without foreign spectators, which meant that a substantial part of the originally expected revenue from spectators disappeared.
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Nomura Research Institute. (June 4, 2021). Potential spectator related losses incurred from the Tokyo 2020 Olympics in Japan in 2021, by scenario (in billion Japanese yen) [Graph]. In ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. Retrieved July 29, 2026, from /statistics/1257252/japan-potential-losses-tokyo-olympics-by-scenario/
Nomura Research Institute. "Potential spectator related losses incurred from the Tokyo 2020 Olympics in Japan in 2021, by scenario (in billion Japanese yen)." Chart. June 4, 2021. ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. Accessed July 29, 2026. /statistics/1257252/japan-potential-losses-tokyo-olympics-by-scenario/
Nomura Research Institute. (2021). Potential spectator related losses incurred from the Tokyo 2020 Olympics in Japan in 2021, by scenario (in billion Japanese yen). ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ Inc.. Accessed: July 29, 2026. /statistics/1257252/japan-potential-losses-tokyo-olympics-by-scenario/
Nomura Research Institute. "Potential Spectator Related Losses Incurred from The Tokyo 2020 Olympics in Japan in 2021, by Scenario (in Billion Japanese Yen)." ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ, ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ Inc., 4 Jun 2021, /statistics/1257252/japan-potential-losses-tokyo-olympics-by-scenario/
Nomura Research Institute, Potential spectator related losses incurred from the Tokyo 2020 Olympics in Japan in 2021, by scenario (in billion Japanese yen) ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ, /statistics/1257252/japan-potential-losses-tokyo-olympics-by-scenario/ (last visited July 29, 2026)
Potential spectator related losses incurred from the Tokyo 2020 Olympics in Japan in 2021, by scenario (in billion Japanese yen) [Graph], Nomura Research Institute, June 4, 2021. [Online]. Available: /statistics/1257252/japan-potential-losses-tokyo-olympics-by-scenario/
