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Crop production in Nigeria has shown varied growth patterns in recent years. Between the first quarter of 2019 and the second quarter of 2023, the sector’s growth rate fluctuated significantly, reflecting the challenges and opportunities inherent in the country’s agricultural landscape. The quarter-on-quarter changes further depict the sector’s vulnerability to climatic variability, logistics, and policy directions. While some quarters witnessed positive growth, others experienced contractions at constant 2010 prices. These dynamics highlight the persistent need for strategic investment to stabilize and accelerate agricultural output. 

Land and labor

Nigeria’s agricultural potential is anchored in its vast land resources. As of 2023, the country boasted around 69.4 million hectares of agricultural land, with approximately 36.9 million hectares classified as arable. This substantial land base is a key driver for major crops such as maize, cassava, and yam, securing rural livelihoods and contributing to food security. Despite rapid urban growth, agriculture remains a major employer in Nigeria. In 2023, the sector accounted for about 34.3 percent of all jobs nationwide, emphasizing its socio-economic relevance to the country.

 Export potential

Agricultural exports, while notable, reveal untapped opportunities. In 2023, Nigeria exported agricultural products valued at 2.43 billion U.S. dollars, making up a modest portion of total national exports. This performance signals room for greater value addition and diversification, as well as the importance of policies that can transform raw production into higher foreign exchange earnings for the country.