| Characteristic | Total | VAV (variable air volume) | FCU (fan coil unit) | VRF (variable refigerant flow) | WSHP (water source heat pump) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| - | - | - | - | - | - |
| - | - | - | - | - | - |
| - | - | - | - | - | - |
| - | - | - | - | - | - |
| - | - | - | - | - | - |
| - | - | - | - | - | - |
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October 2020
United States
2014 to 2019
Figures stem from six years of construction-project specifications, plans, and addenda within the database of ConstructConnect, as well as interviews with industry professionals
Face-to-face interview
The source adds: "the scope of the study was commercial (broadcast studios, laboratories, offices, parking garages, rental warehouses, transportation terminals), educational (athletic buildings, cafeterias, dormitories, schools), retail (automotive, bank, entertainment, food stores, hotels, restaurants, shopping centers), government (courthouses, fire and police stations, government offices, park buildings, post offices, prisons, miscellaneous government buildings), and military (related housing, offices, miscellaneous other buildings) building projects in the planning, bidding, post-bid, or awarded stage, with specifications containing Construction Specifications Institute MasterFormat Division 23 (Heating, Ventilating, and Air Conditioning) information.". Additionally, "while the authors excluded single-family residential projects, they did include multifamily projects (apartments, townhomes, condominiums), which often have commercial HVAC zone systems."
