As of 2019, a survey in the United Kingdom (UK) revealed that Black respondents were the most subjected to online abuse in comparison to other ethnicities, with 41 percent receiving obscene emails. In comparison, eight percent of white respondents were targeted with hateful emails.
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The Alan Turing Institute. (November 24, 2019). Experiences of online abuse in the United Kingdom (UK) in 2019, by ethnicity [Graph]. In ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. Retrieved July 25, 2026, from /statistics/1110767/experiences-of-online-abuse-by-ethnicity/
The Alan Turing Institute. "Experiences of online abuse in the United Kingdom (UK) in 2019, by ethnicity." Chart. November 24, 2019. ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. Accessed July 25, 2026. /statistics/1110767/experiences-of-online-abuse-by-ethnicity/
The Alan Turing Institute. (2019). Experiences of online abuse in the United Kingdom (UK) in 2019, by ethnicity. ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ Inc.. Accessed: July 25, 2026. /statistics/1110767/experiences-of-online-abuse-by-ethnicity/
The Alan Turing Institute. "Experiences of Online Abuse in The United Kingdom (Uk) in 2019, by Ethnicity." ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ, ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ Inc., 24 Nov 2019, /statistics/1110767/experiences-of-online-abuse-by-ethnicity/
The Alan Turing Institute, Experiences of online abuse in the United Kingdom (UK) in 2019, by ethnicity ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ, /statistics/1110767/experiences-of-online-abuse-by-ethnicity/ (last visited July 25, 2026)
Experiences of online abuse in the United Kingdom (UK) in 2019, by ethnicity [Graph], The Alan Turing Institute, November 24, 2019. [Online]. Available: /statistics/1110767/experiences-of-online-abuse-by-ethnicity/
