The industrial conglomerate Standard Industries ranked as the biggest corporate toxic air polluter in the U.S. in 2022, with a toxic score of roughly . The second-largest toxic air polluter that year was Kaiser Aluminum. Toxic scores are calculated by multiplying pounds of toxic air released, by toxicity, and by population exposure.
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University of Massachusetts (Political Economy Research Institute). (December 18, 2024). Largest corporate toxic air polluters in the United States in 2022, based on toxic score (in millions) [Graph]. In ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. Retrieved July 24, 2026, from /statistics/1043907/largest-us-corporate-toxic-air-polluters/
University of Massachusetts (Political Economy Research Institute). "Largest corporate toxic air polluters in the United States in 2022, based on toxic score (in millions)." Chart. December 18, 2024. ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. Accessed July 24, 2026. /statistics/1043907/largest-us-corporate-toxic-air-polluters/
University of Massachusetts (Political Economy Research Institute). (2024). Largest corporate toxic air polluters in the United States in 2022, based on toxic score (in millions). ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ Inc.. Accessed: July 24, 2026. /statistics/1043907/largest-us-corporate-toxic-air-polluters/
University of Massachusetts (Political Economy Research Institute). "Largest Corporate Toxic Air Polluters in The United States in 2022, Based on Toxic Score (in Millions)." ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ, ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ Inc., 18 Dec 2024, /statistics/1043907/largest-us-corporate-toxic-air-polluters/
University of Massachusetts (Political Economy Research Institute), Largest corporate toxic air polluters in the United States in 2022, based on toxic score (in millions) ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ, /statistics/1043907/largest-us-corporate-toxic-air-polluters/ (last visited July 24, 2026)
Largest corporate toxic air polluters in the United States in 2022, based on toxic score (in millions) [Graph], University of Massachusetts (Political Economy Research Institute), December 18, 2024. [Online]. Available: /statistics/1043907/largest-us-corporate-toxic-air-polluters/
