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The projected number of electric three-wheeler vehicles and auto rickshaws across India was expected to be approximately ** units in 2030. The government planned to offer incentives of up to *** thousand Indian rupees to citizens for the purchase of electric vehicles. Since 2006, numerous government policies both at the national and state level have been designed to promote electric three-wheelers in the country.

The impact of urbanization

Rising population and increasing urbanization have caused a rise in the need to travel. Auto rickshaws have always had a central role in the transportation of people and goods in the urban area. The share of rickshaws in the total number of registered vehicles was less than **** percent in the city of Pune and Bengaluru. However, their share in transportation among motorized road vehicles was more than *** percent. Auto rickshaws were common among both men and women due to its cheap, quick, and personalized service.

End-to-end connectivity

As auto rickshaws provide personalized service and door-to-door connectivity, they are used for the first and last-mile approach. There was a considerable demand for online auto rickshaw services as well. E-commerce giant Amazon decided to use electric auto rickshaws in India for last-mile connectivity. In Delhi, Smart-E, a start-up collaborated with the Delhi metro to provide last-mile connectivity. It planned to expand its service to over 100 stations by 2022. It used a ride-share model for commuting to and from metro stations to address the consequences of urban commuting.