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In 2024, the total volume of sand produced in Indonesia amounted to approximately 66 million cubic meters, while the total volume of limestone produced was around 13 million cubic meters. In Southeast Asia, sand is an important commodity in geopolitics. Singapore, Indonesia's neighbor, has become the world’s largest sand importer due to its land reclamation activities. Illegal sand extraction threatens the very existence of more than 80 small low-lying Indonesian islands bordering Singapore. However, the damage to the environment remains unknown as sand extraction is often happening in isolated places.