*Baseline year, ending June 2007. Other years end in December.
Data on Crimea are included from 2015.
The Social Hostility index implies acts of religious hostility by private individuals, organizations or groups. The Government Restrictions index score includes laws, policies and actions by officials that restrict religious beliefs and practices. Both indices have the highest score of 10 points (corresponds to the highest level of religious hostility or restrictions).
Citation formats
Social hostility and government restrictions index in Russia 2007-2022
The Social Hostility index in Russia reached *** out of 10 points (a "moderate" score, according to the study methodology) in 2022, having decreased from the previous year. The Government Restrictions index declined slightly to *** out of 10 points. That corresponded to the "very high" level of restrictions. The two indices look at religious restrictions around the world.
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Pew Research Center. (December 18, 2024). Index scores of social hostility and government restrictions on religion in Russia from 2007 to 2022 [Graph]. In ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. Retrieved July 30, 2026, from /statistics/1006387/religious-restriction-russia-by-social-hostility-index-government-restrictions/
Pew Research Center. "Index scores of social hostility and government restrictions on religion in Russia from 2007 to 2022." Chart. December 18, 2024. ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. Accessed July 30, 2026. /statistics/1006387/religious-restriction-russia-by-social-hostility-index-government-restrictions/
Pew Research Center. (2024). Index scores of social hostility and government restrictions on religion in Russia from 2007 to 2022. ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ Inc.. Accessed: July 30, 2026. /statistics/1006387/religious-restriction-russia-by-social-hostility-index-government-restrictions/
Pew Research Center. "Index Scores of Social Hostility and Government Restrictions on Religion in Russia from 2007 to 2022." ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ, ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ Inc., 18 Dec 2024, /statistics/1006387/religious-restriction-russia-by-social-hostility-index-government-restrictions/
Pew Research Center, Index scores of social hostility and government restrictions on religion in Russia from 2007 to 2022 ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ, /statistics/1006387/religious-restriction-russia-by-social-hostility-index-government-restrictions/ (last visited July 30, 2026)
Index scores of social hostility and government restrictions on religion in Russia from 2007 to 2022 [Graph], Pew Research Center, December 18, 2024. [Online]. Available: /statistics/1006387/religious-restriction-russia-by-social-hostility-index-government-restrictions/
