The OV-chipkaart is a contactless smart card used to travel by public transport and is maintained by TransLink, a company created by the five biggest public transport companies in the Netherlands: Connexxion, GVB, RET, NS and HTM. As of 2018, a total of **** million OV chipcards were in circulation in the Netherlands, of which approximately million cards were anonymous cards.
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TransLink. (April 19, 2019). Total number in circulation of the OV-chipkaart in the Netherlands from 2015 to 2018, by card type (in millions) [Graph]. In ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. Retrieved July 31, 2026, from /statistics/921780/volume-ov-chipkaart-in-circulation-in-the-netherlands-by-card-type/
TransLink. "Total number in circulation of the OV-chipkaart in the Netherlands from 2015 to 2018, by card type (in millions)." Chart. April 19, 2019. ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. Accessed July 31, 2026. /statistics/921780/volume-ov-chipkaart-in-circulation-in-the-netherlands-by-card-type/
TransLink. (2019). Total number in circulation of the OV-chipkaart in the Netherlands from 2015 to 2018, by card type (in millions). ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ Inc.. Accessed: July 31, 2026. /statistics/921780/volume-ov-chipkaart-in-circulation-in-the-netherlands-by-card-type/
TransLink. "Total Number in Circulation of The Ov-chipkaart in The Netherlands from 2015 to 2018, by Card Type (in Millions)." ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ, ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ Inc., 19 Apr 2019, /statistics/921780/volume-ov-chipkaart-in-circulation-in-the-netherlands-by-card-type/
TransLink, Total number in circulation of the OV-chipkaart in the Netherlands from 2015 to 2018, by card type (in millions) ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ, /statistics/921780/volume-ov-chipkaart-in-circulation-in-the-netherlands-by-card-type/ (last visited July 31, 2026)
Total number in circulation of the OV-chipkaart in the Netherlands from 2015 to 2018, by card type (in millions) [Graph], TransLink, April 19, 2019. [Online]. Available: /statistics/921780/volume-ov-chipkaart-in-circulation-in-the-netherlands-by-card-type/
