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In 2021, due to the coronavirus pandemic, the global airline industry is estimated to suffer another **** billion U.S. dollars in net losses, after reporting billion U.S. dollars in net losses in 2020.

Recent changes in worldwide aviation since 2000s

Growth of middle-class and global interconnectedness facilitated the expansion of aviation market throughout recent decades. From 2006 to 2019, global air traffic passenger demand increased continuously, except for 2009 because of the global financial crisis in 2008. Expansion of the aviation market transformed the aviation economy gradually. For instance, there is a market power shift between full service and other carriers (FSOCs) and low-cost carriers (LCCs) globally. Since LCCs offer almost the same main service for a comparatively cheaper price, LCCs operated flights are on high demand by customers. LCCs’ market share in Europe was roughly ** percent of the total aviation market in 2020. The net profit of commercial airlines worldwide from 2006 to 2019 increased somewhat continuously, reaching **** billion U.S. dollars in 2019. The continuity of growth was disturbed during and after the 2008 global financial crisis. From 2008 to 2009, commercial airlines incurred a net loss because of the economic shock.

COVID-19 and the aviation industry

While contemplating the potential occurrence of next economic shocks, the global economy and society got hit by an immensely strong health shock, the coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak. Since the possibility of a global health shock was neglected by the political authorities, most countries were not ready to absorb health and economic shocks simultaneously. Therefore, COVID-19 hit the global economy and society profoundly. The loss for the North American aviation reached roughly **** billion U.S. dollars in 2020. Nonetheless, before the COVID-19 outbreak over ** billion U.S. dollars of market profit was forecasted for the North American commercial aviation for 2020. As a result of COVID-19 lockdowns, passenger load factor (PLF) declined between January 2020 to April 2020 remarkably, down to **** percent from **** percent on international routes. Although the COVID-19 pandemic is not over yet, many countries started to take it under control through sufficiently strong efforts and policies. Therefore, the weekly flight frequency continues to improve slightly globally since the end of April 2020.