* Based on residential PV systems that are less than 10 kilowatts.
** Other hardware includes racking, wiring, etc.
Other soft costs includes contracting, permitting, financing, etc., specifically permitting, commissioning, land acquisition, and sales tax.
This statistic shows the breakdown for costs of the average residential solar photovoltaic module in the United States in 2016. The module costs came to ** U.S. cents per watt that year for residential solar systems.
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PVPS, & U.S. Department of Energy (SunShot). (September 27, 2017). Residential solar photovoltaic module costs in the U.S. in 2016, by category (in U.S. dollars per watt)* [Graph]. In ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. Retrieved July 26, 2026, from /statistics/216741/solar-pv-module-material-costs-for-residential-rooftops-in-the-us/
PVPS, und U.S. Department of Energy (SunShot). "Residential solar photovoltaic module costs in the U.S. in 2016, by category (in U.S. dollars per watt)*." Chart. September 27, 2017. ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. Accessed July 26, 2026. /statistics/216741/solar-pv-module-material-costs-for-residential-rooftops-in-the-us/
PVPS, U.S. Department of Energy (SunShot). (2017). Residential solar photovoltaic module costs in the U.S. in 2016, by category (in U.S. dollars per watt)*. ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ Inc.. Accessed: July 26, 2026. /statistics/216741/solar-pv-module-material-costs-for-residential-rooftops-in-the-us/
PVPS, and U.S. Department of Energy (SunShot). "Residential Solar Photovoltaic Module Costs in The U.S. in 2016, by Category (in U.S. Dollars per Watt)*." ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ, ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ Inc., 27 Sep 2017, /statistics/216741/solar-pv-module-material-costs-for-residential-rooftops-in-the-us/
PVPS & U.S. Department of Energy (SunShot), Residential solar photovoltaic module costs in the U.S. in 2016, by category (in U.S. dollars per watt)* ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ, /statistics/216741/solar-pv-module-material-costs-for-residential-rooftops-in-the-us/ (last visited July 26, 2026)
Residential solar photovoltaic module costs in the U.S. in 2016, by category (in U.S. dollars per watt)* [Graph], PVPS, & U.S. Department of Energy (SunShot), September 27, 2017. [Online]. Available: /statistics/216741/solar-pv-module-material-costs-for-residential-rooftops-in-the-us/
