In 2023, the companies in Poland spent approximately million zloty on research and development in medical engineering, a decrease of four percent compared to the previous year.
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Central Statistical Office of Poland. (December 30, 2024). Internal expenditures on research and development (R&D) in nanotechnology in Poland from 2018 to 2023 (in 1,000 zloty) [Graph]. In ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. Retrieved July 21, 2026, from /statistics/1445826/poland-internal-randd-spending-on-nanotechnology/
Central Statistical Office of Poland. "Internal expenditures on research and development (R&D) in nanotechnology in Poland from 2018 to 2023 (in 1,000 zloty)." Chart. December 30, 2024. ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. Accessed July 21, 2026. /statistics/1445826/poland-internal-randd-spending-on-nanotechnology/
Central Statistical Office of Poland. (2024). Internal expenditures on research and development (R&D) in nanotechnology in Poland from 2018 to 2023 (in 1,000 zloty). ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ. ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ Inc.. Accessed: July 21, 2026. /statistics/1445826/poland-internal-randd-spending-on-nanotechnology/
Central Statistical Office of Poland. "Internal Expenditures on Research and Development (R&d) in Nanotechnology in Poland from 2018 to 2023 (in 1,000 Zloty)." ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ, ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ Inc., 30 Dec 2024, /statistics/1445826/poland-internal-randd-spending-on-nanotechnology/
Central Statistical Office of Poland, Internal expenditures on research and development (R&D) in nanotechnology in Poland from 2018 to 2023 (in 1,000 zloty) ÌÇÐÄÆƽâ°æ, /statistics/1445826/poland-internal-randd-spending-on-nanotechnology/ (last visited July 21, 2026)
Internal expenditures on research and development (R&D) in nanotechnology in Poland from 2018 to 2023 (in 1,000 zloty) [Graph], Central Statistical Office of Poland, December 30, 2024. [Online]. Available: /statistics/1445826/poland-internal-randd-spending-on-nanotechnology/
