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As of 2023, Spain was the major economy in Europe with the highest share of national income taken home by the bottom 50 percent of earners. The country has seen a gradual increase in the share taken by the poorest 50 percent since the 1990s, with this share increasing from roughly 20 percent to over 21 percent in 2023. In stark contrast, Russia is the country which has seen the greatest decrease in the share of income taken by the bottom half. With the end of communist rule in 1991, the income of the poorest Russians nosedived from around 28 percent of national income, to less than 10 percent in 1996. Since then, the bottom half's share in Russia has increased, being approximately 16 percent in 2023.