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The European Court of Human Rights (ECHR) ruled that 15 EU member states violated the fundamental rights of their citizens in at least one case in 2022. This ranged from one case of citizens not receiving their right to a fair trial in Spain and Czechia, to more frequent rights violations in Greece, Hungary, Italy, and Romania. In cases where EU citizens believe their rights have not been respected by a member state government, they have the power to appeal directly to the ECHR and to seek redress from the respective public authorities.