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The European Union's balance of trade in goods is driven by a few of its largest economies. Germany, the EU's pre-eminent economic power, has run a large trade surplus with countries outside the EU, with a surplus of 215,952 in 2025. Italy also emerged as a large net exporter over the 2010s, along with Ireland, Sweden, and France, with their surpluses in 2025 being 56,246.8 , 89,214.4, 25,460.2 , and 20,233.3 , respectively.
On the other hand, the Netherlands has by far run the largest trade deficit with non-EU countries among the bloc, with a deficit of - 173,926 in 2025. Other notable net goods importers among the EU member states include Spain and Poland, with deficits of - 48,093.8 and - 27,378.4, respectively, in 2025.