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Since at least 2001, the poorest cohort of the urban labor force in Brazil has been the group most affected by the unavailability of jobs for those willing to work. The share of open urban unemployment among those in the first quintile, those in the 20 percent of households with the lowest per capita income, peaked at 41.7 percent in 2021, while they had their lowest unemployment rate in 2008, at 15 percent. On the other hand, Brazilians from the richest quintile who wanted to find a job rarely had a problem doing so, as the open unemployment rate in this group never exceeded 4.5 percent. Moreover, it was the only income group whose rate fell in 2021 compared to the previous year, from 3.2 to 3.1 percent.