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Circular material use rates vary greatly across the European Union, though most member states have experienced an increase since 2010. In 2023, the Netherlands had the highest circular material use rate across the EU, at some 30.6 percent. Meanwhile, the lowest rate was recorded in Romania, at just 1.3 percent. That year, the average circular material use rate in the EU-27 stood at 11.8 percent, meaning that almost 12 percent of material resources used in the EU came from recycled products.