About the methodology, the source adds the following information: "CSF's 'Tuition Cost Team' uses available data on current prices to determine the average cost by school level. They also study school supply lists, data and feedback from families to get the most accurate picture of the families' experience at the beginning of the school year and collect information about the cost of education."
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Back-to-school budget for middle school students in France 2021, by type of spending
In 2018, there were more than * million pupils enrolled in French secondary schools. In France, children usually start lower secondary school around the age of **. In 2021, the average back-to-school budget for a student in the first year of middle school amounted to * euros. School supplies were the highest expense, costing * euros on average.
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